“Making up false information is quite problematic in itself. But when it comes to false information about individuals, there can be serious consequences,” said Maartje de Graaf, Data Protection Lawyer at noyb. 

“It’s clear that companies are currently unable to make chatbots like ChatGPT comply with EU law when processing data about individuals. If a system cannot produce accurate and transparent results, it cannot be used to generate data about individuals. The technology has to follow the legal requirements, not the other way around.”

The GDPR requires that personal data be accurate, and individuals have the right to rectification if data is inaccurate, as well as the right to access information about the data processed and its sources. However, OpenAI has openly admitted that it cannot correct incorrect information generated by ChatGPT or disclose the sources of the data used to train the model.

“Factual accuracy in large language models remains an area of active research,” OpenAI has argued.

The advocacy group highlights a New York Times report that found chatbots like ChatGPT “invent information at least 3 percent of the time – and as high as 27 percent.” In the complaint against OpenAI, noyb cites an example where ChatGPT repeatedly provided an incorrect date of birth for the complainant, a public figure, despite requests for rectification.

“Despite the fact that the complainant’s date of birth provided by ChatGPT is incorrect, OpenAI refused his request to rectify or erase the data, arguing that it wasn’t possible to correct data,” noyb stated.

OpenAI claimed it could filter or block data on certain prompts, such as the complainant’s name, but not without preventing ChatGPT from filtering all information about the individual. The company also failed to adequately respond to the complainant’s access request, which the GDPR requires companies to fulfil.

“The obligation to comply with access requests applies to all companies. It is clearly possible to keep records of training data that was used to at least have an idea about the sources of information,” said de Graaf. “It seems that with each ‘innovation,’ another group of companies thinks that its products don’t have to comply with the law.”

European privacy watchdogs have already scrutinised ChatGPT’s inaccuracies, with the Italian Data Protection Authority imposing a temporary restriction on OpenAI’s data processing in March 2023 and the European Data Protection Board establishing a task force on ChatGPT.

In its complaint, noyb is asking the Austrian Data Protection Authority to investigate OpenAI’s data processing and measures to ensure the accuracy of personal data processed by its large language models. The advocacy group also requests that the authority order OpenAI to comply with the complainant’s access request, bring its processing in line with the GDPR, and impose a fine to ensure future compliance.

You can read the full complaint here (PDF)

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See also: Igor Jablokov, Pryon: Building a responsible AI future

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The hub will be led by AI scientist and engineer Jordan Hoffmann, who previously distinguished himself as a pioneer at AI companies Inflection and DeepMind, which are also based in London.

“There is an enormous pool of AI talent and expertise in the UK, and Microsoft AI plans to make a significant, long-term investment in the region as we begin hiring the best AI scientists and engineers into this new AI hub,” said Mustafa Suleyman, EVP and CEO of Microsoft AI.

Suleyman, who co-founded AI startup Inflection before it was acquired by Microsoft, is a British citizen born and raised in London. “I’m proud to have co-founded and built a cutting-edge AI business here. I’m deeply aware of the extraordinary talent pool and AI ecosystem in the UK,” he commented.

Microsoft has an existing AI research presence in the UK through its Microsoft Research lab in Cambridge. However, the new dedicated Microsoft AI London hub signals the company’s increased commitment to advancing the field in Britain.

The investment builds upon Microsoft’s recently announced £2.5 billion pledge to upskill the UK workforce and build AI infrastructure – including bringing 20,000 advanced GPUs to the country by 2026.

Microsoft AI London will collaborate closely with other teams across Microsoft and partners like OpenAI. The company expects to post job openings in the coming weeks and is seeking “exceptional individuals” passionate about tackling AI’s biggest challenges.

“I know – through my close work with thought leaders in the UK government, business community, and academia – that the country is committed to advancing AI responsibly and with a safety-first commitment to drive investment, innovation, and economic growth,” said Suleyman.

“Our decision to open this hub in the UK reflects this ambition.”

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See also: Microsoft: China plans to disrupt elections with AI-generated disinformation

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The report identifies two key stages of generative AI adoption. The first wave, which is already underway, exposes 11 percent of tasks performed by UK workers. Routine cognitive tasks like database management and organisational tasks like scheduling are most at risk. 

However, in a potential second wave, AI could handle a staggering 59 percent of tasks—impacting higher-earning jobs and non-routine cognitive work like creating databases.

Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan, Senior Research Fellow at IPPR, said: “We could see jobs such as copywriters, graphic designers, and personal assistants roles being heavily affected by AI. The question is how we can steer technological change in a way that allows for novel job opportunities, increased productivity, and economic benefits for all.”

“We are at a sliding doors moment, and policy makers urgently need to develop a strategy to make sure our labour market adapts to the 21st century, without leaving millions behind. It is crucial that all workers benefit from these technological advancements, and not just the big tech corporations.”

IPPR modelled three scenarios for the second wave’s impact:

• Worst case: 7.9 million jobs lost with no GDP gains
• Central case: 4.4 million jobs lost but 6.3 percent GDP growth (£144bn/year) 
• Best case: No jobs lost and 13 percent GDP boost (£306bn/year) from augmenting at-risk jobs

IPPR warns the worst-case displacement is possible without government intervention, urging a “job-centric” AI strategy with fiscal incentives, regulation ensuring human oversight, and support for green jobs less exposed to automation.

The analysis underscores the disproportionate impact on certain demographics, with women and young people bearing the brunt of job displacement. Entry-level positions, predominantly occupied by these groups, face the gravest jeopardy as AI encroaches on roles such as secretarial and customer service positions.

Carsten Jung, Senior Economist at IPPR, said: “History shows that technological transition can be a boon if well managed, or can end in disruption if left to unfold without controls. Indeed, some occupations could be hard hit by generative AI, starting with back office jobs.

“But technology isn’t destiny and a jobs apocalypse is not inevitable – government, employers, and unions have the opportunity to make crucial design decisions now that ensure we manage this new technology well. If they don’t act soon, it may be too late.”

A full copy of the report can be found here (PDF)

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See also: Stanhope raises £2.3m for AI that teaches machines to ‘make human-like decisions’

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The report states that MGX — a state-backed group in Abu Dhabi — is in discussions to support OpenAI’s venture to build AI chips in-house. This information comes from two individuals with knowledge of the discussions.

In order to achieve its goal of creating semiconductor chips internally, OpenAI is reportedly seeking investments worth trillions of dollars from investors worldwide. By manufacturing its own chips, the San Francisco-based company aims to reduce its reliance on Nvidia, the current global leader in semiconductor chip technology.

As part of its funding efforts, OpenAI struck a deal with Thrive Capital in February 2023, which reportedly increased the company’s valuation to more than $80 billion, marking an almost threefold increase in under 10 months.

This comes as the UK semiconductor sector gains enhanced access to research funding through the country’s participation in the EU’s ‘Chips Joint Undertaking’.

The UK’s participation in the Chips Joint Undertaking provides the British semiconductor sector with enhanced access to a €1.3 billion pot of funds set aside from Horizon Europe to support research in semiconductor technologies up to 2027. The move is backed by an initial £5 million from the UK government this year, with an additional £30 million due to support UK participation in further research between 2025 and 2027.

“Our membership of the Chips Joint Undertaking will boost Britain’s strengths in semiconductor science and research to secure our position in the global chip supply chain,” said Technology Minister Saqib Bhatti. “This underscores our unwavering commitment to pushing the boundaries of technology and cements our important role in shaping the future of semiconductor technologies around the world.”

Back in the UAE, MGX — the group behind the potential investment in OpenAI — is an AI-focused fund launched earlier this week and headed by the UAE’s national security adviser, Sheikh Tahnoon Bin Zayed al-Nahyan. The fund was established in collaboration with G42 and Mubadala, with G42 having already entered into a partnership with OpenAI in October 2023 as part of the company’s Middle East expansion.

During the G42 partnership deal, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman stated that they plan to bring AI solutions to the Middle East that “resonate with the nuances of the region.”

One of the sources briefed on the MGX fund emphasised, “They’re looking at creating a structure that will put Abu Dhabi at the centre of this AI strategy with global partners around the world.”

As the race to develop cutting-edge semiconductor technologies intensifies, both the UAE and the UK-EU are positioning themselves as key players.

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See also: EU approves controversial AI Act to mixed reactions

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“This is a historic day,” said Italian lawmaker Brando Benifei, co-lead on the AI Act. “We have the first regulation in the world which puts a clear path for safe and human-centric development of AI.”

The AI Act will categorise AI systems into four tiers based on their potential risk to society. High-risk applications like self-driving cars will face strict requirements before being allowed on the EU market. Lower risk systems will have fewer obligations.

“The main point now will be implementation and compliance by businesses and institutions,” Benifei stated. “We are also working on further AI legislation for workplace conditions.”

His counterpart, Dragoş Tudorache of Romania, said the EU aims to promote these pioneering rules globally. “We have to be open to work with others on how to build governance with like-minded parties.”

The general AI rules take effect in May 2025, while obligations for high-risk systems kick in after three years. National oversight agencies will monitor compliance.

Differing viewpoints on impact

Reaction was mixed on whether the Act properly balances innovation with protecting rights.

Curtis Wilson, a data scientist at Synopsys, believes it will build public trust: “The strict rules and punishing fines will deter careless developers, and help customers be more confident in using AI systems…Ensuring all AI developers adhere to these standards is to everyone’s benefit.”

However, Mher Hakobyan from Amnesty International criticised the legislation as favouring industry over human rights: “It is disappointing that the EU chose to prioritise interests of industry and law enforcement over protecting people…It lacks proper transparency and accountability provisions, which will likely exacerbate abuses.”

Companies now face the challenge of overhauling practices to comply.

Marcus Evans, a data privacy lawyer, advised: “Businesses need to create and maintain robust AI governance to make the best use of the technology and ensure compliance with the new regime…They need to start preparing now to not fall foul of the rules.”

After years of negotiations, the AI Act signals the EU intends to lead globally on this transformative technology. But dissenting voices show challenges remain in finding the right balance.

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See also: OpenAI calls Elon Musk’s lawsuit claims ‘incoherent’

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French Minister for Higher Education and Research, Sylvie Retailleau, is scheduled to meet with UK Secretary of State Michelle Donelan in London today for discussions marking a pivotal moment in bilateral scientific cooperation.

Building upon a rich history of collaboration that has yielded groundbreaking innovations such as the Concorde and the Channel Tunnel, the ministers will endorse a joint declaration aimed at deepening research ties between the two nations. This includes a commitment of £800,000 in new funding towards joint research efforts, particularly within the framework of Horizon Europe.

A landmark partnership between the UK’s AI Safety Institute and France’s Inria will also be unveiled, signifying a shared commitment to the responsible development of AI technology. This collaboration is timely, given France’s upcoming hosting of the AI Safety Summit later this year—which aims to build upon previous agreements and discussions on frontier AI testing achieved during the UK edition last year.

Furthermore, the establishment of the French-British joint committee on Science, Technology, and Innovation represents an opportunity to foster cooperation across a range of fields, including low-carbon hydrogen, space observation, AI, and research security.

UK Secretary of State Michelle Donelan said:

“The links between the UK and France’s brightest minds are deep and longstanding, from breakthroughs in aerospace to tackling climate change. It is only right that we support our innovators, to unleash the power of their ideas to create jobs and grow businesses in concert with our closest neighbour on the continent.

Research is fundamentally collaborative, and alongside our bespoke deal on Horizon Europe, this deepening partnership with France – along with our joint work on AI safety – is another key step in realising the UK’s science superpower ambitions.”

The collaboration between the UK and France underscores their shared commitment to advancing scientific research and innovation, with a focus on emerging technologies such as AI and quantum.

Sylvie Retailleau, French Minister of Higher Education and Research, commented:

“This joint committee is a perfect illustration of the international component of research – from identifying key priorities such as hydrogen, AI, space and research security – to enabling collaborative work and exchange of ideas and good practices through funding.

Doing so with a trusted partner as the UK – who just associated to Horizon Europe – is a great opportunity to strengthen France’s science capabilities abroad, and participate in Europe’s strategic autonomy openness.”

As the UK continues to deepen its engagement with global partners in the field of science and technology, these bilateral agreements serve as a testament to its ambition to lead the way in scientific discovery and innovation on the world stage.

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See also: UK Home Secretary sounds alarm over deepfakes ahead of elections

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Mistral AI stated that Mistral Large outscored most major LLMs except for OpenAI’s recently launched GPT-4 in tests of language understanding. It also performed strongly in maths and coding assessments.

Co-founder and Chief Scientist Guillaume Lample said Mistral Large represents a major advance over earlier Mistral models. The company also launched a chatbot interface named Le Chat to allow users to interact with the system, similar to ChatGPT.  

The proprietary model boasts fluency in English, French, Spanish, German, and Italian, with a vocabulary exceeding 20,000 words. While Mistral’s first model was open-source, Mistral Large’s code remains closed like systems from OpenAI and other firms.  

Mistral AI received nearly $500 million in funding late last year from backers such as Nvidia and Andreessen Horowitz. It also recently partnered with Microsoft to provide access to Mistral Large through Azure cloud services.  

Microsoft’s investment of €15 million into Mistral AI is set to face scrutiny from European Union regulators who are already analysing the tech giant’s ties to OpenAI, maker of market-leading models like GPT-3 and GPT-4. The European Commission said Tuesday it will review Microsoft’s deal with Mistral, which could lead to a formal probe jeopardising the partnership.

Microsoft has focused most of its AI efforts on OpenAI, having invested around $13 billion into the California company. Those links are now also under review in both the EU and UK for potential anti-competitive concerns. 

Pricing for the Mistral Large model starts at $8 per million tokens of input and $24 per million output tokens. The system will leverage Azure’s computing infrastructure for training and deployment needs as Mistral AI and Microsoft partner on AI research as well.

While third-party rankings have yet to fully assess Mistral Large, the firm’s earlier Mistral Medium ranked 6th out of over 60 language models. With the latest release, Mistral AI appears positioned to challenge dominant players in the increasingly crowded AI space.

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The tech giant is set to unveil new data centres in Madrid and has outlined its intention to construct additional centres in Aragon, catering to European companies and public entities. The increased European infrastructure aims to deliver Microsoft’s cloud services with heightened security, privacy, and data sovereignty measures, facilitating access to the company’s full suite of AI solutions for businesses and public administrations in the region.

According to an analysis by IDC, these new Microsoft data centres have the potential to contribute €8.4 billion to the national GDP and help to generate 69,000 jobs from 2026 to 2030.

The commitment to investment aligns with a collaborative agreement forged between the President of the Government, Pedro Sánchez, and Microsoft President Brad Smith. Under this collaboration, Microsoft and the Government of Spain will collaborate on various initiatives aimed at advancing responsible AI, enhancing citizen services, and bolstering national cybersecurity and resilience across Spanish companies, public bodies, and critical infrastructures.

This partnership operates within the framework of the National Strategy for Artificial Intelligence and the National Cybersecurity Strategy outlined by the Spanish government. It revolves around four key action points:

1. Extension of AI in public administration: Efforts will be directed towards modernising administrative processes and equipping officials with AI tools to boost efficiency. This includes deploying generative AI solutions and implementing AI training plans for officials.

2. Promotion of responsible AI: Microsoft will share its responsible AI design standards, along with implementation guides and best practices documentation, with the Spanish Agency for the Supervision of Artificial Intelligence (AESIA).

3. Strengthening national cybersecurity: Collaboration with the National Cryptological Center (CNI) aims to enhance early warning mechanisms and response to cybersecurity incidents in public administrations.

4. Improving cyber-resilience of companies: Microsoft will collaborate with the National Institute of Cybersecurity (INCIBE) to enhance the cybersecurity posture of Spanish companies, particularly SMEs, by providing access to threat intelligence and conducting joint outreach initiatives.

Microsoft’s increased investment underscores its commitment to advancing technological innovation in Spain while fostering a secure and responsible digital ecosystem.

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See also: Wipro and IBM collaborate to propel enterprise AI

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Analysing job listings data, the report by AIPRM found that – between 2017 and 2022 – the average yearly growth rate for AI hiring was 1.2% in the US. This compares to 1.22% in the UK over the same period. 

The UK’s strong performance means it outpaced other major economies like India (1.19% growth), Canada (1.26%), and Brazil (1.21%).

“Despite consistent expansion of the AI job market in America, the pace of growth lagged slightly behind other countries like Britain,” said John Smith, lead author of the report. 

As well as analysing hiring trends, the report also identified the highest paying and most in-demand AI jobs in the US. The top position goes to Director of Data Science, with an average salary of £200,263. 

AI Architects take second place, earning approximately £197,431 per year on average. The technical skills required for this role include architecture, AWS, business intelligence, and DataOps.

Various other roles in data science and machine learning all boast median average salaries exceeding £150,000.

California was also highlighted as a major AI hub, accounting for over a quarter (27%) of listings across the whole US. This is more than double the next highest state, New York, at 13%.

Discussing what’s driving the promising growth forecasts, Smith said: “Rapid advances in AI technology have unlocked exciting new capabilities for businesses across many sectors. As companies look to capitalise on areas like computer vision and natural language processing, we can expect demand for skilled AI workers to keep accelerating.”

However, he also warned of potential headwinds due to growing debate around AI regulation. 

“Policymakers still need to strike the right balance between innovation and ethics. Getting this right will help the AI job market continue thriving.” concludes Smith.

The full statistics can be found here.

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See also: Bank of England Governor: AI won’t lead to mass job losses

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The investment comes at a vital time, as research from Thoughtworks shows 91% of British people argue that government regulations must do more to hold businesses accountable for their AI systems. The public wants more transparency, with 82% of consumers favouring businesses that proactively communicate how they are regulating general AI.

In a government response published today to last year’s AI Regulation White Paper consultation, the UK outlined its context-based approach to regulation that empowers existing regulators to address AI risks in a targeted way, while avoiding rushed legislation that could stifle innovation.

However, the government for the first time set out its thinking on potential future binding requirements for developers building advanced AI systems, to ensure accountability for safety – a measure 68% of the public said was needed in AI regulation. 

The response also revealed all key regulators will publish their approach to managing AI risks by 30 April, detailing their expertise and plans for the coming year. This aims to provide confidence to businesses and citizens on transparency. However, 30% still don’t think increased AI regulation is actually for their benefit, indicating scepticism remains.

Additionally, nearly £90 million was announced to launch nine new research hubs across the UK and a US partnership focused on responsible AI development. Separately, £2 million in funding will support projects defining responsible AI across sectors like policing – with 56% of the public wanting improved user education around AI.

Tom Whittaker, Senior Associate at independent UK law firm Burges Salmon, said: “The technology industry will welcome the large financial investment by the UK government to support regulators continuing what many see as an agile and sector-specific approach to AI regulation.

“The UK government is trying to position itself as pro-innovation for AI generally and across multiple sectors.  This is notable at a time when the EU is pushing ahead with its own significant AI legislation that the EU consider will boost trustworthy AI but which some consider a threat to innovation.”

Science Minister Michelle Donelan said the UK’s “innovative approach to AI regulation” has made it a leader in both AI safety and development. She said the agile, sector-specific approach allows the UK to “grip the risks immediately”, paving the way for it to reap AI’s benefits safely.

The wide-ranging funding and initiatives aim to cement the UK as a pioneer in safe AI innovation while assuaging public concerns. This builds on previous commitments like the £100 million AI Safety Institute to evaluate emerging models. 

Greg Hanson, GVP and Head of Sales EMEA North at Informatica, commented: “Undoubtedly, greater AI regulation is coming to the UK. And demand for this is escalating – especially considering half (52%) of UK businesses are already forging ahead with generative AI, above the global average of 45%.

“Yet with the adoption of AI, comes new challenges. Nearly all businesses in the UK who have adopted AI admit to having encountered roadblocks. In fact, 43% say AI governance is the main obstacle, closely followed by AI ethics (42%).”

Overall, the package of measures amounts to over £100 million of new funding towards the UK’s mission to lead on safe and responsible AI progress. This balances safely harnessing AI’s potential economic and societal benefits with a targeted approach to regulating very real risks.

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See also: Bank of England Governor: AI won’t lead to mass job losses

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